Division Pteridophyta and its close relatives: vascular plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds, including ferns, horsetails and club mosses. Excludes mosses and liverworts, which lack the vascular tissue that carries water and nutrients through a fern.
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1. Wikipedia: Fern
WikipediaFern, lead sectionQuote, Fern, lead section
Ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.
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