The harp seal is a medium-sized seal found in the cold waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, named for the dark, harp-shaped or horseshoe-shaped marking often present on the backs of adults, which contrasts with their generally silvery-grey coat. Harp seal pups are born with a coat of soft white fur, historically the target of a controversial commercial hunt, before molting into their adult coloring within a few weeks. The species is highly migratory, breeding on pack ice in large aggregations and traveling long distances between breeding, molting and feeding grounds, where it dives to feed on fish and crustaceans. Harp seals remain numerous and are classified as being of least concern, though their reliance on stable sea ice for pupping makes them sensitive to changing ice conditions.
Facts
Classification
System (Realm) Relationship to People Living or ExtinctDerived from this species' own Conservation Status: this atlas's IUCN category list has no Extinct value, so a set conservation-status is itself evidence of living status. Scientific NamePagophilus groenlandicus 1 Conservation Status Population EstimateGlobal estimate per the article's Population and distribution section; a 2025 IUCN reassessment moved this species from Least Concern to Near Threatened. Identification
Distinguishing AppearanceThe mature harp seal has pure black eyes. It has a silver-grey fur covering its body, with black harp- or wishbone-shaped markings dorsally, accounting for its common name. 1 Comparison
NatureServe Rank CITES Appendix CITES Appendix Connections
Child Taxon Of
In Biome
Source Harp Seal (Wikipedia)
In Ecosystem
Source Harp Seal (Wikipedia)
In the Other Atlases
Found In
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Sources
1. Harp Seal (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationDescription section, binomial sentence
Pagophilus groenlandicus
Infobox: status
NT
Population and distribution section, global estimate sentence
Global harp seal population estimates total around 4.5 million individuals.
Description section, coloration sentence
The mature harp seal has pure black eyes. It has a silver-grey fur covering its body, with black harp- or wishbone-shaped markings dorsally, accounting for its common name.
Sealing
All three populations are hunted commercially, mainly by Canada, Norway, Russia and Greenland.
Infobox: status2
CITES_A3
- In Ecosystem: Arctic Ocean, Wikipedia intro: "and seal, is a species of earless seal, or true seal, native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean. Originally in the genus Phoca with a number of..."
In Biome: Sea Ice, Population and distribution
Due to their dependence on pack ice for breeding, the harp seal range is restricted to areas where pack ice forms seasonally.
View the Source 2. EltonTraits 1.0 (Wilman et al. 2014)
3. GBIF Species API
4. NatureServe Explorer: Pagophilus groenlandicus
NatureServe ExplorerGlobal rank (roundedGRank)Quote, Global rank (roundedGRank)
"roundedGRank": "G5"
View the Source 5. Wikidata: Harp Seal
Wikidata Q209324, class allow-list match (w-wdresolver-0926)View the Source 6. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Pagophilus groenlandicus (Animal Diversity Web)
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyConservation Status: CITESQuote, Conservation Status: CITES
CITES No special status
View the Source Catalogue of Life
Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of LifeChild Taxon Of: PhocidaeView the Source Reader Challenges (0)
No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.
Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.