The reindeer, called caribou in North America, is a species of deer adapted to Arctic and subarctic environments across northern Europe, Asia and North America, notable among deer for having antlers in both males and most females. It undertakes some of the longest overland migrations of any land mammal, with some North American caribou herds traveling well over a thousand kilometres a year between calving grounds and wintering areas, and its broad, concave hooves act like snowshoes, helping it move across snow and soft tundra. Reindeer feed on grasses and sedges in summer and rely heavily on lichen in winter, digging through snow to reach it. While reindeer have also been domesticated and herded by Arctic peoples for centuries, wild populations have declined in many regions due to habitat disruption, and the species overall is classified as vulnerable.
Facts
Classification
System (Realm) Relationship to People Living or ExtinctDerived from this species' own Conservation Status: this atlas's IUCN category list has no Extinct value, so a set conservation-status is itself evidence of living status. Comparison
NatureServe Rank CITES Appendix Identification
Distinguishing AppearanceUnique among deer in that females may have antlers, though the prevalence of antlered females varies by subspecies. 1 Scientific Name Conservation Status Connections
Child Taxon Of
In Biome
In Ecosystem
Source World Wildlife Fund
In the Other Atlases
Found In
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Sources
1. Reindeer (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationLead section, opening sentence
The reindeer or caribou (Rangifer tarandus) is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of Northern Europe, Siberia, and North America.
Conservation, Current status section
According to the IUCN, Rangifer tarandus, as a species, is not endangered because of its overall large population and its widespread range, but, as of 2015, the IUCN has classified the reindeer as Vulnerable due to an observed population decline of 40% over the last +25 years.
Description section, antler sentence
They are unique among deer (Cervidae) in that females may have antlers, although the prevalence of antlered females varies by subspecies.
- In Biome: Tundra, Wikipedia intro: "Rangifer tarandus) is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of Northern Europe,..."
View the Source 2. EltonTraits 1.0 (Wilman et al. 2014)
3. Reindeer (Wikidata)
WikidataStatements section, habitat (P2974): Terrestrial
Wikidata habitat statement (P2974) resolves to a terrestrial habitat type.
Wikidata Q39624 (P1034 main food source): Salix
Main food source (Wikidata property P1034): Salix.
Wikidata Q39624 (P1034 main food source): lemming
Main food source (Wikidata property P1034): lemming.
Wikidata Q39624 (P1034 main food source): Arctic char
Main food source (Wikidata property P1034): Arctic char.
View the Source 4. NatureServe Explorer: Rangifer tarandus
NatureServe ExplorerGlobal rank (roundedGRank)Quote, Global rank (roundedGRank)
"roundedGRank": "G5"
View the Source 5. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Rangifer tarandus
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyConservation Status: CITESQuote, Conservation Status: CITES
CITES No special status
View the Source Wikidata: Reindeer
Catalogue of Life
Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of LifeChild Taxon Of: ArtiodactylaView the Source World Wildlife Fund
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