Welwitschia is a highly unusual desert plant found only in the Namib Desert of Namibia and southern Angola, the sole living species in its genus and family, notable for producing just two enormous, strap-like leaves during its entire lifetime, which grow continuously from the base and become split and tattered over the plant's long life, giving mature specimens a sprawling, almost octopus-like appearance. It grows extremely slowly and is exceptionally long-lived, with some individuals estimated to be well over a thousand years old, surviving in one of the driest environments on Earth partly by drawing moisture from coastal fog in addition to sparse rainfall. Welwitschia is neither a true flowering plant nor a conifer but belongs to an ancient, separate lineage of seed plants, and its cone-like reproductive structures and unique physiology have made it a subject of considerable scientific interest as a living link to an older evolutionary branch of plants.
Facts
Classification
DietPhotosynthetic Autotroph 2 System (Realm) Identification
Distinguishing AppearanceThe plant has only two leaves that grow out of a large woody stem, known as a crown, and continue to grow throughout the plant's life. 1 Comparison
CITES Appendix Scientific Name Conservation Status Connections
Child Taxon Of
In Biome
In Ecosystem
Source Welwitschia (Wikipedia)
In the Other Atlases
Found In
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Sources
1. Welwitschia (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationWikipedia article, opening sentence
Welwitschia is a monotypic genus of gnetophytes containing only the species Welwitschia mirabilis
Wikipedia article, lead section, second paragraph, leaf morphology sentence
The plant has only two leaves that grow out of a large woody stem, known as a crown, and continue to grow throughout the plant's life
- In Biome: Desert, Wikipedia intro: "onyanga. It is native to Angola and Namibia, where it grows in the extreme conditions of the Namib desert, tolerating high heat and low precipitation. Welwitsch..."
- In Ecosystem: Namib Desert, Wikipedia intro: "mbo or onyanga. It is native to Angola and Namibia, where it grows in the extreme conditions of the Namib desert, tolerating high heat and low precipitation. We..."
View the Source 2. Welwitschia (Wikipedia)
3. Wikipedia: Welwitschia
system (MediaWiki batch-API article extract states it plainly)Quote, system (MediaWiki batch-API article extract states it plainly)
It is native to Angola and Namibia, where it grows in the extreme conditions of the Namib desert, tolerating high heat and low precipitation.
View the Source 4. UNEP-WCMC Species+ database (CITES Secretariat): Species+: Welwitschia mirabilis
UNEP-WCMC Species+ database (CITES Secretariat)Species+ taxon_concepts, id 15306Quote, Species+ taxon_concepts, id 15306
"rank":"SPECIES","name_status":"A","updated_at":"2026-03-03T15:33:16.551Z","active":true,"cites_listing":"II"
View the Source 5. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy (IUCN Red List category): IUCN Red List category of Welwitschia mirabilis
GBIF Backbone Taxonomy (IUCN Red List category)iucnRedListCategory recordQuote, iucnRedListCategory record
"category": "NOT_EVALUATED"
View the Source IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Wikidata: Welwitschia
- Wikidata Q15044266, class allow-list match (w-wdresolver-0926)
- Child Taxon Of: Plantae, Wikidata parent-taxon (P171) chain
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