Nature Atlas

How Nature Works
Sign In
Text size
100%
Theme
Specy

Southern Elephant Seal

Mammals

The southern elephant seal is the largest species of seal in the world, found on subantarctic islands and the coasts of the Southern Ocean, with males dramatically larger than females and equipped with a large inflatable proboscis used to amplify roaring calls during the breeding season. Males compete fiercely for control of large harems of females on crowded breeding beaches, and the species is an extraordinarily deep and long diver, regularly descending hundreds to over a thousand metres and remaining submerged for well over an hour while hunting squid and fish. After being heavily depleted by sealing in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, southern elephant seal populations recovered substantially over the twentieth century, and the species is classified as being of least concern.

Facts
Classification
Diet
Piscivore 2
System (Realm)
Marine 3
Relationship to People
Hunted or Fished 4
Living or Extinct
Yes 1
Derived from this species' own Conservation Status: this atlas's IUCN category list has no Extinct value, so a set conservation-status is itself evidence of living status.
Scientific Name
Mirounga leonina 1
Conservation Status
Vulnerable 1
Population Estimate
700,000 1
As of 2025 global estimate cited in the article's Range and population section.
Identification
Distinguishing Appearance
The southern elephant seal is distinguished from the northern elephant seal (which does not overlap in range with this species) by its greater body mass and a shorter proboscis. 1
Comparison
CITES Appendix
Appendix II 4
Connections

Child Taxon Of

Phocidae, Taxa
Source Catalogue of Life

In Biome

Open Ocean, Biomes
Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Mirounga leonina

In Ecosystem

Source Wikidata: Southern Elephant Seal
Additional Source Antarctic Peninsula (Wikipedia)Article text
In the Other Atlases

Found In

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.

Sources
1. Southern Elephant Seal (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation
  • Introduction
    The southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) is one of two species of elephant seals.
  • Infobox: status
    VU
  • Range and population section, 2025 estimate sentence
    As of 2025, the population has been estimated at close to 700,000 globally.
  • Description section, comparison sentence
    The southern elephant seal is distinguished from the northern elephant seal (which does not overlap in range with this species) by its greater body mass and a shorter proboscis.
  • Infobox: status2
    CITES_A2
View the Source
2. EltonTraits 1.0 (Wilman et al. 2014)
3. GBIF Species API
GBIF Species APIView the Source
4. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Mirounga leonina
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
  • Conservation Status: CITES
    CITES Appendix II
  • Economic Importance for Humans: Positive (hunted-fished)
    Southern elephant seals were hunted by indigenous people in Australia and South America for thousands of years, but from the early 19th century until 1964, they were heavily harvested by commercial companies wanting to turn their blubber into oil
  • In Biome: Open Ocean, Habitat Regions, biome: pelagic
    pelagic pelagic
View the Source
Wikidata: Southern Elephant Seal
Wikidata Q215343, class allow-list match (w-wdresolver-0926)View the Source
Catalogue of Life
Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of LifeChild Taxon Of: PhocidaeView the Source
Antarctic Peninsula (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIn Ecosystem: Antarctic Peninsula, Article text
Quote, In Ecosystem: Antarctic Peninsula, Article text
The seals include: leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii), the huge southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), and crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophagus).
View the Source
Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.
Reader Challenges (0)
No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.