The gray whale is a large baleen whale found in the North Pacific Ocean, known for undertaking one of the longest annual migrations of any mammal, traveling up to nearly 20,000 kilometres round trip between summer feeding grounds in the Arctic and warm winter breeding lagoons off the coast of Mexico. It has a mottled grey body often covered in patches of barnacles and whale lice, no dorsal fin, and a series of small bumps called a dorsal ridge running along its back toward the tail instead. Unlike most baleen whales, which filter prey from open water, the gray whale is primarily a bottom feeder, rolling onto its side to suck up sediment from the seafloor and filtering out small crustaceans, worms and other invertebrates through its coarse baleen plates, leaving distinctive feeding pits on the ocean floor. Hunted to the brink of extinction in the Atlantic, where the population was wiped out entirely, and severely reduced in the Pacific by commercial whaling, the eastern North Pacific population has recovered strongly under protection, while a critically small western Pacific population remains highly endangered. Gray whales are known for their curiosity toward boats in their breeding lagoons, sometimes approaching vessels closely enough for people to touch them, a behavior that has made them a major draw for whale-watching tourism.
Facts
Classification
System (Realm) Relationship to People Living or Extinct Scientific Name Conservation Status Partially Attested
Population Estimatefigure covers only the western North Pacific stock, not the whole species; the eastern North Pacific population, which has recovered, is not counted here Identification
Distinguishing AppearanceMottled gray body with small eyes located just above the corners of the mouth, no dorsal fin, and a dorsal hump followed by small bumps toward the tail 1 Comparison
NatureServe Rank CITES Appendix Connections
Child Taxon Of
In Biome
Source NatureServe Explorer: Eschrichtius robustus
Source NatureServe Explorer: Eschrichtius robustus
In Ecosystem
Source Wikipedia: Gray Whale
In the Other Atlases
Found In
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Sources
1. Gray whale, NOAA Fisheries
Species overview
Eschrichtius robustus
Population and status
The western stock is estimated to include fewer than 300 individuals based on photo-identification data collected off Sakhalin Island and southeastern Kamchatka, Russia.
Description and appearance
a mottled gray body with small eyes located just above the corners of the mouth
View the Source2. GBIF Species API
3. Gray Whale (Wikidata)
WikidataInfobox: status3
CITES_A1
Statements section, conservation status (P141)
IUCN Red List conservation status (Wikidata property P141): least concern.
View the Source 4. NatureServe Explorer: Eschrichtius robustus
NatureServe ExplorerGlobal rank (roundedGRank)
"roundedGRank": "G4"
In Biome: Open Ocean, Species characteristics: Pelagic
"marineHabitatDescEn": "Pelagic"
In Biome: Neritic Zone, Species characteristics: Near shore
"marineHabitatDescEn": "Near shore"
View the Source 5. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Eschrichtius robustus (Animal Diversity Web)
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyConservation Status: CITESQuote, Conservation Status: CITES
CITES Appendix I
View the Source 6. Wikipedia: Gray Whale
WikipediaInfobox: status
LC
In Ecosystem: Gulf of California, Feeding
Feeding areas during migration seem to include the Gulf of California, Monterey Bay and Baja California Sur.
View the Source Wikidata: Gray Whale
Wikidata Q179154, class allow-list match (w-wdresolver-0926)View the Source Catalogue of Life
Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of LifeChild Taxon Of: CetaceaView the Source Reader Challenges (0)
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