The harp seal is a medium-sized seal found in the cold waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, named for the dark, harp-shaped or horseshoe-shaped marking often present on the backs of adults, which contrasts with their generally silvery-grey coat. Harp seal pups are born with a coat of soft white fur, historically the target of a controversial commercial hunt, before molting into their adult coloring within a few weeks. The species is highly migratory, breeding on pack ice in large aggregations and traveling long distances between breeding, molting and feeding grounds, where it dives to feed on fish and crustaceans. Harp seals remain numerous and are classified as being of least concern, though their reliance on stable sea ice for pupping makes them sensitive to changing ice conditions.
Facts
Classification
System (Realm) Living or ExtinctDerived from this species' own Conservation Status: this atlas's IUCN category list has no Extinct value, so a set conservation-status is itself evidence of living status (w-bfill-g5-0924 browse backfill). Scientific NamePagophilus groenlandicus 1 Conservation Status Population EstimateGlobal estimate per the article's Population and distribution section; a 2025 IUCN reassessment moved this species from Least Concern to Near Threatened. Identification
Distinguishing AppearanceThe mature harp seal has pure black eyes. It has a silver-grey fur covering its body, with black harp- or wishbone-shaped markings dorsally, accounting for its common name. 1 Connections
Child Taxon Of
In Ecosystem
Source Harp Seal (Wikipedia)
In the Other Atlases
- Also in Geography Atlas: Belgium, found in there.
- Also in Geography Atlas: Canada, found in there.
- Also in Geography Atlas: Denmark, found in there.
- Also in Geography Atlas: North America, found in there.
- Also in Geography Atlas: Norway, found in there.
- Also in Geography Atlas: Spain, found in there.
Sources
1. Harp Seal (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationDescription section, binomial sentence
Pagophilus groenlandicus
Conservation status box
Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)
Population and distribution section, global estimate sentence
Global harp seal population estimates total around 4.5 million individuals.
Description section, coloration sentence
The mature harp seal has pure black eyes. It has a silver-grey fur covering its body, with black harp- or wishbone-shaped markings dorsally, accounting for its common name.
- In Ecosystem: Arctic Ocean, Wikipedia intro: "and seal, is a species of earless seal, or true seal, native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean. Originally in the genus Phoca with a number of..."
View the Source 2. EltonTraits 1.0 (Wilman et al. 2014)
3. GBIF Species API
Wikidata: Harp Seal
Wikidata Q209324, class allow-list match (w-wdresolver-0926)View the Source Catalogue of Life
Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of LifeChild Taxon Of: PhocidaeView the Source Reader Challenges (0)
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