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Southern Elephant Seal

Mammals

The southern elephant seal is the largest species of seal in the world, found on subantarctic islands and the coasts of the Southern Ocean, with males dramatically larger than females and equipped with a large inflatable proboscis used to amplify roaring calls during the breeding season. Males compete fiercely for control of large harems of females on crowded breeding beaches, and the species is an extraordinarily deep and long diver, regularly descending hundreds to over a thousand metres and remaining submerged for well over an hour while hunting squid and fish. After being heavily depleted by sealing in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, southern elephant seal populations recovered substantially over the twentieth century, and the species is classified as being of least concern.

Facts
Classification
Diet
Piscivore 2
System (Realm)
Marine 3
Living or Extinct
Yes 1
Derived from this species' own Conservation Status: this atlas's IUCN category list has no Extinct value, so a set conservation-status is itself evidence of living status (w-bfill-g5-0924 browse backfill).
Scientific Name
Mirounga leonina 1
Conservation Status
Vulnerable 1
Population Estimate
700,000 1
As of 2025 global estimate cited in the article's Range and population section.
Identification
Distinguishing Appearance
The southern elephant seal is distinguished from the northern elephant seal (which does not overlap in range with this species) by its greater body mass and a shorter proboscis. 1
Connections

Child Taxon Of

Phocidae, Taxa
Source Catalogue of Life
In the Other Atlases
Sources
1. Southern Elephant Seal (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation
  • Taxonomy section, binomial sentence
    Mirounga leonina (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Conservation status infobox
    Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)
  • Range and population section, 2025 estimate sentence
    As of 2025, the population has been estimated at close to 700,000 globally.
  • Description section, comparison sentence
    The southern elephant seal is distinguished from the northern elephant seal (which does not overlap in range with this species) by its greater body mass and a shorter proboscis.
View the Source
2. EltonTraits 1.0 (Wilman et al. 2014)
3. GBIF Species API
GBIF Species APIView the Source
Wikidata: Southern Elephant Seal
Wikidata Q215343, class allow-list match (w-wdresolver-0926)View the Source
Catalogue of Life
Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of LifeChild Taxon Of: PhocidaeView the Source
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