Coiba Island howler

The Coiba Island howler (Alouatta coibensis) is a type of howler monkey, a New World monkey endemic to Panama. Some authorities have treated it as a separate species since a 1987 study of its fingerprints, but mitochondrial DNA testing found that it does not differ from mantled howler populations in any significant way; the main reason given for keeping it separate is that the dermal ridges of its hands and feet differ from those of the mantled howler. Two subspecies are recognised by those who accept it as a species: Alouatta coibensis coibensis, found on Coiba Island and Jicaron off the Pacific coast of Panama, and the Azuero howler, found on the Azuero Peninsula. It is smaller than other Central American howlers. On Jicaron it shares its range with Panamanian white-faced capuchins, which in 2022 and 2023 were recorded carrying off infant howlers.