Theropithecus brumpti

Theropithecus brumpti is an extinct species of papionin monkey that lived in Africa during the middle to late Pliocene. It is known mostly from skulls and mandibles recovered from deposits of the Shungura Formation along the Omo River in Ethiopia, with further material from sites such as Lomekwi in Kenya. It was a large, largely terrestrial monkey with dexterous hands and strong muscles in a long muzzle. One male specimen from Lomekwi was estimated at about 44 kilograms, roughly twice the weight of a male gelada, and males carried large canine teeth used for display. The species showed a high degree of sexual dimorphism, with males that were most likely very colourful and smaller females. Its diet is assumed to have been mainly leaves and tough vegetation, including large nuts, and chemical analysis of its teeth points to grazing in open country as well as in more mixed habitats, with some bone also eaten. It lived in riverine forest habitats and was related to the living gelada and the baboons.