Ryukyu long-tailed giant rat

The Ryukyu long-tailed giant rat, or Ryukyu rat (Diplothrix legata), is a rodent in the family Muridae and the only extant species in the genus Diplothrix. The Wikipedia article that serves as this entry's source says it is endemic to the central Ryukyu Islands of Japan, namely Amami-oshima, Tokuno-shima and Okinawa-jima, where it lives in temperate forests. It is the largest rodent endemic to those islands and the largest arboreal murid native to Japan, over 56 centimetres long at sexual maturity. It is nocturnal and eats both plants, such as fruits, and animals such as butterflies, beetles and slugs. It may disperse seeds. The article lists habitat loss, predation by feral cats and introduced parasites as threats.