The seasonal movement of caribou herds across the tundra and boreal forest of North America, in which some herds travel farther overland than any other terrestrial mammal, covering well over 1,000 kilometers each way between winter forest range and summer calving grounds on the open tundra. The Porcupine caribou herd's migration between Alaska and Canada's Yukon is among the best documented, timed closely to the herd's need to reach calving grounds ahead of peak insect harassment and while forage is at its most nutritious.
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