An annual round trip of up to 8,000 kilometers undertaken by humpback whale populations between cold, food-rich polar and subpolar feeding grounds and warm tropical or subtropical waters where they breed and calve, one of the longest migrations of any mammal relative to the fact that humpbacks eat little to nothing for months during the journey and breeding season. Different humpback populations follow distinct, well-mapped routes, such as between Antarctica and eastern Australia or between Alaska and Hawaii, tracked for decades through photo-identification of individual whales' unique tail markings.
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