A wave that propagates along the boundary between two ocean or lake layers of different density, such as where colder, saltier deep water meets warmer surface water, rather than at the visible surface itself. Internal waves are often invisible from above except as subtle surface slicks or ripples, yet they can be far larger in amplitude than surface waves, sometimes rising and falling by tens of meters below the surface, and they play a significant role in mixing heat, nutrients and momentum through the deep ocean.
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