Nature Atlas

How Nature Works
Sign In
Text size
100%
Theme
Ecosystem

Serengeti

Savanna and Grassland

A savanna grassland ecosystem spanning northern Tanzania and southwestern Kenya, famous for hosting the largest overland animal migration on Earth: more than a million wildebeest, accompanied by hundreds of thousands of zebra and gazelle, follow an annual clockwise circuit driven by seasonal rainfall and fresh grazing, crossing crocodile-filled rivers along the way. This concentration of grazing herds in turn supports one of the densest large-predator populations in Africa, including lion, cheetah, leopard and hyena, and the African elephant ranges across the ecosystem's woodlands and grasslands alongside them. Most of the ecosystem lies within Serengeti National Park in Tanzania and the adjoining Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya, together forming one continuous protected landscape across the international border.

Facts
Classification
Biogeographic Realm
Afrotropic 1
Protected Status
Strictly Protected 1
Area (sq km)
30,000 1
Connections

Demonstrated By

Source Animal Migration (Wikipedia)

Demonstrates

Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica

The Serengeti grassland is a fire-adapted ecosystem: regular natural and human-set fires clear dead grass, recycle nutrients into the soil and maintain the open savanna structure the ecosystem grazing herds depend on.

Source Encyclopaedia Britannica

Hosts

African Lion, Species

The Serengeti's own entity record names lion among the dense large-predator population its migration herds support.

Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
Source African Wild Dog (Wikipedia)
Black Mamba, Species
Source Black Mamba (Wikipedia)
Source Black Rhinoceros (Wikipedia)
Source World Wildlife Fund
Cheetah, Species
Source World Wildlife Fund
Common Eland, Species
Source Common eland (Wikipedia)
Gerenuk, Species
Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Litocranius walleri
Source Grant's gazelle (Wikipedia)
Hartebeest, Species
Source Hartebeest (Wikipedia)
Impala, Species
Source Impala (Wikipedia)
Leopard, Species
Source Leopard (Wikipedia)
Lion, Species
Source Lion (Wikipedia)
Plains Zebra, Species
Source Plains Zebra (Wikipedia)
Source Southern patas monkey (Wikipedia)
Spotted Hyena, Species
Source Spotted Hyena (Wikipedia)
Striped Hyena, Species
Source Wikipedia: Striped hyena
Source Thomson's Gazelle (Wikipedia)
Tsessebe, Species
Source Damaliscus lunatus (Wikipedia)
Tsetse Fly, Species
Source Wikidata: Tsetse Fly
Additional Source Serengeti (Wikipedia)Article text

In Biome

Savanna, Biomes
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
In the Other Atlases

Found In

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.

Sources
1. Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
  • britannica.com/place/Serengeti-National-Park, opening definition sentence
    Serengeti National Park, national park and wildlife refuge on the Serengeti Plain in north-central Tanzania.
  • Biogeographic realm: afrotropic (derived from location stated in entity description)
  • Protected status (stated plainly in the entity own recorded description)
    Most of the ecosystem lies within Serengeti National Park in Tanzania and the adjoining Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya, together forming one continuous protected landscape across the international border.
  • Demonstrates: Nitrogen Cycle
  • Demonstrates: Decomposition
  • Demonstrates: Wildfire
  • In Biome: Savanna
  • Hosts: African Lion
View the Source
World Wildlife Fund
World Wildlife Fund
  • Hosts: Blue Wildebeest
  • Hosts: Cheetah
View the Source
Animal Migration (Wikipedia)
Demonstrated By: Migration, Mammals passage, Serengeti great migration sentence
Quote, Demonstrated By: Migration, Mammals passage, Serengeti great migration sentence
Mass migration occurs in mammals such as the Serengeti 'great migration', an annual circular pattern of movement with some 1.7 million wildebeest and hundreds of thousands of other large game animals, including gazelles and zebra.
View the Source
Southern patas monkey (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Southern patas monkey, Distribution
Quote, Hosts: Southern patas monkey, Distribution
restricted to the western Serengeti region
View the Source
Hartebeest (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Hartebeest, Status and conservation
Quote, Hosts: Hartebeest, Status and conservation
This species has been greatly affected by habitat destruction, and about 42,000 Coke's hartebeest occur today in Mara, Serengeti National Park, and Tarangire National Park in Tanzania and Tsavo East National Park in Kenya.
View the Source
Damaliscus lunatus (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Tsessebe, Diet
Quote, Hosts: Tsessebe, Diet
Topi found in the Serengeti usually feed in the morning between 8:00 and 9:00 am and in the afternoon after 4:00 pm.
View the Source
Grant's gazelle (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Grant's Gazelle, Ecology, distribution and behaviour
Quote, Hosts: Grant's Gazelle, Ecology, distribution and behaviour
In the Serengeti, Grant's gazelle is a potential prey item for the cheetah, but the smaller Thomson's gazelle is preferred; in Nairobi National Park, Grant's gazelle are seemingly preferred by cheetahs over Thomson's gazelle, making them an important resource for the cheetah.
View the Source
Common eland (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Common Eland, Habitat and distribution
Quote, Hosts: Common Eland, Habitat and distribution
today, including Nairobi National Park and Tsavo East National Park, Tsavo West National Park, Masai Mara National Reserve, (Kenya); Serengeti National Park, Ruaha National Park and Tarangire National Park, Ngorongoro Crater, (Tanzania); Kagera National Park (Rwanda); Nyika National Park (Malawi); Lake Mburo National
View the Source
Leopard (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHosts: Leopard, Social spacing
Quote, Hosts: Leopard, Social spacing
In the Serengeti, males have home ranges of 33-38 km2 (13-15 sq mi) and females of 14-16 km2 (5.4-6.2 sq mi); but males in northeastern Namibia of 451 km2 (174 sq mi) and females of 188 km2 (73 sq mi).
View the Source
Impala (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHosts: Impala, Ecology and behaviour
Quote, Hosts: Impala, Ecology and behaviour
A study of impala in the Serengeti National Park showed that in 94% of the males, territoriality was observed for less than four months.
View the Source
Spotted Hyena (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHosts: Spotted Hyena, Dimensions
Quote, Hosts: Spotted Hyena, Dimensions
Adult male spotted hyenas in the Serengeti weigh 40.5-55.0 kg (89.3-121.3 lb), while females weigh 44.5-63.9 kg (98-141 lb).
View the Source
Thomson's Gazelle (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHosts: Thomson's Gazelle, Taxonomy and etymology
Quote, Hosts: Thomson's Gazelle, Taxonomy and etymology
Two subspecies are identified: E. t. nasalis (Lönnberg, 1908), Serengeti Thomson's gazelle ranges from the Serengeti to the Kenya Rift Valley.
View the Source
Plains Zebra (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHosts: Plains Zebra, Conservation
Quote, Hosts: Plains Zebra, Conservation
The zebra can be found in numerous protected areas across its range, including the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, Tsavo and Masai Mara in Kenya, Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe, Etosha National Park in Namibia, and Kruger National Park in South Africa.
View the Source
Black Mamba (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHosts: Black Mamba, Venom
Quote, Hosts: Black Mamba, Venom
The black mamba is the most feared snake in Africa because of its size, aggression, venom toxicity and speed of onset of symptoms following envenomation, and is classified as a snake of medical importance by the World Health Organization.
View the Source
African Wild Dog (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHosts: African Wild Dog, Hunting and diet
Quote, Hosts: African Wild Dog, Hunting and diet
However, certain packs in the Serengeti specialized in hunting adult plains zebras weighing up to 240 kg (530 lb) quite frequently.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Striped hyena
WikipediaHosts: Striped Hyena, Social and territorial behaviour
Quote, Hosts: Striped Hyena, Social and territorial behaviour
Home ranges in the Serengeti have been recorded to be 44-72 km2 (17-28 sq mi), while one in the Negev was calculated at 61 km2 (24 sq mi).
View the Source
Lion (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Lion, Group organisation
Quote, Hosts: Lion, Group organisation
A study undertaken in the Serengeti National Park revealed that nomadic coalitions gain residency at between 3.5 and 7.3 years of age.
View the Source
Serengeti (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Tsetse Fly, Article text
Quote, Hosts: Tsetse Fly, Article text
Tsetse fly populations now prevented any significant human settlement in the area.
View the Source
Black Rhinoceros (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHosts: Black Rhinoceros, Distribution and habitat
Quote, Hosts: Black Rhinoceros, Distribution and habitat
In the Serengeti home ranges are around 70 to 100 km2 (27 to 39 sq mi), while in the Ngorongoro it is between 2.6 to 58.0 km2 (1.0 to 22.4 sq mi).
View the Source
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Litocranius walleri
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHosts: Gerenuk, Geographic Range
Quote, Hosts: Gerenuk, Geographic Range
Litocranius walleri inhabits the dry brushy region of east Africa from the Serengeti plain of Tanzania north along the coast through Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and into southern Somalia.
View the Source

Take a Related Quiz

Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.
Reader Challenges (0)
No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.