Also called taiga, the largest land biome on Earth by area, forming an unbroken belt of coniferous forest across the high latitudes of North America, Scandinavia and Siberia just south of the tundra. Long, severe winters and a short growing season favor needle-leaved evergreen trees such as spruce, fir and pine, whose narrow conical shape sheds snow and whose needles resist winter water loss far better than a broad deciduous leaf could. The boreal forest holds a large share of the world's terrestrial carbon stock in its trees and underlying peat, and supports wide-ranging predators such as the gray wolf across its full breadth.
Facts
Climate
Annual Precipitation (mm)Cited range runs roughly 300 to 840 millimeters a year across the taiga biome; 450mm sits within it as a representative figure, not a single measured site. Typical Low Temperature (C)Cited winter figures for taiga range from an extreme low near -54C up to an average around -3C; -30C represents a typical severe-winter figure between those bounds, not the extreme. Typical High Temperature (C) Connections
Demonstrates
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
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Source Sphagnum magellanicum (Wikipedia)
Source Spotted redshank (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Hylocomium splendens
Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Condylura cristata
Stoat, Species Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Mustela erminea (Animal Diversity Web)
Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Anser fabalis
Source Terek sandpiper (Wikipedia)
Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Trichinella spiralis
Source Vaccinium vitis-idaea (Wikipedia)
Source White Spruce (Wikipedia)
Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Cygnus cygnus
Source Whooping Crane (Wikipedia)
Source Wild Boar (Wikipedia)
Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Dermacentor variabilis
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1. Taiga Climate (Blue Planet Biomes)
Blue Planet BiomesTaiga Climate - Precipitation
The taiga climate has an average annual rainfall of 12 - 33 inches (30 - 84 cm).
Introduction
Summer's LOWEST temperature is 30° F. Summer's HIGHEST temperature is 70° F.
Taiga Climate - Winter Temperatures
Winter's LOWEST temperature in taiga is -65F. Winter's HIGHEST temperature is 30 F. The average winter temperature is under 26.6F (-3C).
View the Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.britannica.com/science/taiga, opening definition
taiga, biome (major life zone) of vegetation composed primarily of cone-bearing needle-leaved or scale-leaved evergreen trees, found in northern circumpolar forested regions characterized by long winters and moderate to high annual precipitation. The taiga, “land of the little sticks” in Russian, takes its name from the collective term for the northern forests of Russia, especially Siberia.
- Home To: Gray Wolf
- Demonstrates: Hibernation
View the Source Taiga (Encyclopaedia Britannica)
Encyclopaedia BritannicaOpening definitionQuote, Opening definition
taiga, also called boreal forest, biome (major life zone) of vegetation composed primarily of cone-bearing needle-leaved or scale-leaved evergreen trees
East Siberian Taiga (Wikipedia)
Boreal Forest of Canada (Wikipedia)
World Wildlife Fund
Moose (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: Moose, Wikipedia intro: "ly have pointed antlers with a dendritic ("twig-like") configuration. Moose inhabit the circumpolar boreal forests or temperate broadleaf and mixed forests of t..."View the Source Wikipedia: Pileated Woodpecker
WikipediaHome To: Pileated Woodpecker, Wikipedia intro: "the black woodpecker. It inhabits deciduous forests in eastern North America, the Great Lakes, the boreal forests of Canada, and parts of the Pacific Coast. Thi..."View the Source Amanita muscaria (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation- Home To: Fly Agaric, Wikipedia intro: "suggests that it is a species complex. It is a widely distributed mushroom native to temperate and boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere, now also naturalis..."
- Home To: Amanita Muscaria, Wikipedia intro: "suggests that it is a species complex. It is a widely distributed mushroom native to temperate and boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere, now also naturalis..."
View the Source Eurasian Lynx (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: Eurasian Lynx, Wikipedia intro: "urope to Central Asia and Siberia, the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas. It inhabits temperate and boreal forests up to an elevation of 5,500 m (18,000 ft). De..."View the Source Wikipedia: Hylocomium splendens
- Home To: Feather Moss, Wikipedia intro: "ountain fern moss, is a perennial clonal moss with a widespread distribution in Northern Hemisphere boreal forests. It is commonly found in Europe, Russia, Alas..."
- Home To: Stair-step Moss, Wikipedia intro: "ountain fern moss, is a perennial clonal moss with a widespread distribution in Northern Hemisphere boreal forests. It is commonly found in Europe, Russia, Alas..."
- Home To: Glittering Wood-moss, Wikipedia intro: "ountain fern moss, is a perennial clonal moss with a widespread distribution in Northern Hemisphere boreal forests. It is commonly found in Europe, Russia, Alas..."
- Home To: Hylocomium Splendens, Wikipedia intro: "ountain fern moss, is a perennial clonal moss with a widespread distribution in Northern Hemisphere boreal forests. It is commonly found in Europe, Russia, Alas..."
View the SourcePleurozium schreberi (Wikipedia)
Home To: Red-stemmed Feathermoss, Wikipedia intro: "ing to the way the branches extend from the stem. The species is commonly found on the floor of the boreal forests of Canada, Scandinavia, and northern Russia...."View the Source Sphagnum magellanicum (Wikipedia)
- Home To: Magellanic Bogmoss, Wikipedia intro: "n's sphagnum, Magellan's peatmoss or midway peat moss, is a widespread species of moss found in wet boreal forest in the far south and southwest of South Americ..."
- Home To: Sphagnum magellanicum, Wikipedia intro: "n's sphagnum, Magellan's peatmoss or midway peat moss, is a widespread species of moss found in wet boreal forest in the far south and southwest of South Americ..."
View the SourceWhite Spruce (Wikipedia)
Home To: White Spruce, Wikipedia intro: "Picea glauca, the white spruce, is a species of spruce native to the northern temperate and boreal forests in Canada and United States, North America. Picea gla..."View the Source Wikipedia: Plagiomnium affine
WikipediaHome To: Plagiomnium Affine, Wikipedia intro: "Plagiomnium affine, the many-fruited thyme-moss, is a species of thyme-moss found in old-growth boreal forests in North America, Europe and Asia, growing in moi..."View the Source Wikipedia: Canada Lynx
WikipediaHome To: Canada Lynx, Wikipedia intro: "a, Canada and northern areas of the contiguous United States, where it predominantly inhabits dense boreal forests. It is a specialist predator and depends heav..."View the Source Canada jay (Wikipedia)
Home To: Canada jay, Wikipedia intro: "bber, moose bird, gorby, or whisky jack, is a passerine bird of the family Corvidae. It is found in boreal forests of North America, north to the tree line, and..."View the Source Vaccinium vitis-idaea (Wikipedia)
Home To: Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Wikipedia intro: "as the lingonberry, partridgeberry, foxberry, mountain cranberry, or cowberry. It is native to the boreal forest and Arctic tundra throughout the Northern Hemis..."View the Source Wolverine
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: Wolverine, Wikipedia 'Wolverine': found primarily in remote reaches of the northern boreal forests and subarctic and alpine tundraView the Source Wikidata: Rosebay Willowherb
Wikidata: Acasis viretata
Lesser Yellowlegs (Wikidata)
Spotted redshank (Wikipedia)
Home To: Spotted redshank, BreedingQuote, Home To: Spotted redshank, Breeding
It nests on open boggy taiga, laying four eggs in a ground scrape.
Wikipedia: Rhizocarpon geographicum
WikipediaHome To: Map Lichen, DistributionQuote, Home To: Map Lichen, Distribution
The North American range includes the Sierra Nevada and northern boreal forests of Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Fennoscandia and Siberia.
Wikipedia: Galerina marginata
WikipediaHome To: Deadly Galerina, Habitat and distributionQuote, Home To: Deadly Galerina, Habitat and distribution
In North America, it has been collected as far north as the boreal forest of Canada and subarctic and arctic habitats in Labrador, and south to Jalisco, Mexico.
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Erethizon dorsatum
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: North American Porcupine, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: North American Porcupine, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Condylura cristata
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Star-nosed Mole, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: Star-nosed Mole, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Falco peregrinus
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Peregrine Falcon, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: Peregrine Falcon, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Aquila chrysaetos
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Golden Eagle, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: Golden Eagle, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Bubo virginianus
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Great Horned Owl, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: Great Horned Owl, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Ochotona princeps
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: American Pika, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: American Pika, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Vanessa cardui
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Painted Lady, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: Painted Lady, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Capra hircus
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Feral Goat, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: Feral Goat, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Panthera tigris
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Bengal Tiger, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: Bengal Tiger, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Blattella germanica
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: German Cockroach, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: German Cockroach, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Lepisma saccharina
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Silverfish, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: Silverfish, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Sarcoptes scabiei
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Scabies Mite, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: Scabies Mite, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Dermacentor variabilis
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: American Dog Tick, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Home To: Wood Tick, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
View the Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Cygnus cygnus
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taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Trichinella spiralis
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Trichinella Spiralis, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: Trichinella Spiralis, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Clangula hyemalis
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Long-tailed duck, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: Long-tailed duck, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Lepus americanus
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Snowshoe hare, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: Snowshoe hare, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Vanellus vanellus
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Northern lapwing, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: Northern lapwing, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Martes zibellina
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Sable, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: Sable, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Anser fabalis
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Taiga bean goose, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: Taiga bean goose, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Rangifer tarandus
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Dawson's caribou, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: Dawson's caribou, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Lasionycteris noctivagans
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Silver-haired bat, Habitat Regions, biome: taigaQuote, Home To: Silver-haired bat, Habitat Regions, biome: taiga
taiga taiga
Whooping Crane (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHome To: Whooping Crane, Distribution and habitatQuote, Home To: Whooping Crane, Distribution and habitat
By the mid-20th century, the muskeg of the taiga in Wood Buffalo National Park, Alberta and Northwest Territories, Canada, and the surrounding area had become the last remnant of the former nesting habitat of the Whooping Crane Summer Range.
Wild Boar (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHome To: Wild Boar, Habitat and shelteringQuote, Home To: Wild Boar, Habitat and sheltering
The wild boar inhabits a diverse array of habitats from boreal taigas to deserts.
Rough-legged buzzard (Wikipedia)
Home To: Rough-legged buzzard, Habitat and distributionQuote, Home To: Rough-legged buzzard, Habitat and distribution
The rough-legged buzzard breeds in tundra and taiga habitats of North America and Eurasia between the latitudes of 61° (locally south to 48° in Newfoundland and 58° N in southern Norway) and 76° N.
Common crane (Wikipedia)
Home To: Common crane, HabitatQuote, Home To: Common crane, Habitat
In Europe, the common crane predominantly breeds in boreal and taiga forest and mixed forests, from an elevation of sea-level to 2,200 m (7,200 ft).
Great tit (Wikipedia)
Home To: Great tit, Distribution, movements and habitatQuote, Home To: Great tit, Distribution, movements and habitat
In northern Siberia it lives in the boreal taiga.
Terek sandpiper (Wikipedia)
Home To: Terek sandpiper, Distribution and ecologyQuote, Home To: Terek sandpiper, Distribution and ecology
This bird breeds near water in the taiga from Finland through northern Siberia to the Kolyma River, and migrate south in winter to tropical coasts in east Africa, south Asia and Australia, usually preferring muddy areas.
Marsh sandpiper (Wikipedia)
Home To: Marsh sandpiper, LeadQuote, Home To: Marsh sandpiper, Lead
It is a rather small shank, and breeds in open grassy steppe and taiga wetlands from easternmost Europe to the Russian Far East.
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Rana temporaria (Animal Diversity Web)
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Common Frog (Rana temporaria), Habitat: Terrestrial BiomesQuote, Home To: Common Frog (Rana temporaria), Habitat: Terrestrial Biomes
Terrestrial Biomes taiga taiga forest forest mountains mountains
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Mustela erminea (Animal Diversity Web)
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Stoat, Habitat: Terrestrial BiomesQuote, Home To: Stoat, Habitat: Terrestrial Biomes
Terrestrial Biomes tundra tundra taiga taiga savanna or grassland savanna or grassland forest forest scrub forest scrub forest mountains mountains
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Cervus elaphus (Animal Diversity Web)
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Red Deer, Habitat: Terrestrial BiomesQuote, Home To: Red Deer, Habitat: Terrestrial Biomes
Terrestrial Biomes taiga taiga savanna or grassland savanna or grassland forest forest mountains mountains
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Pyrrhula pyrrhula (Animal Diversity Web)
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Eurasian bullfinch, Habitat: Terrestrial BiomesQuote, Home To: Eurasian bullfinch, Habitat: Terrestrial Biomes
Terrestrial Biomes taiga taiga forest forest
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Rattus norvegicus (Animal Diversity Web)
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Fancy rat, Terrestrial BiomesQuote, Home To: Fancy rat, Terrestrial Biomes
Habitat Regions temperate temperate tropical tropical terrestrial terrestrial Terrestrial Biomes taiga taiga desert or dune desert or dune savanna or grassland savanna or grassland chaparral chaparral forest forest rainforest rainforest scrub forest scrub forest mountains mountains
Plants For A Future: Pinus banksiana
Plants For A FutureHome To: Jack Pine, HabitatsQuote, Home To: Jack Pine, Habitats
Barren sandy or rocky soils ... sometimes forming extensive forests ... Fire successional in boreal forests, tundra transition, dry flats, and hills, sandy soils, sea level to 800 metres
Plants For A Future: Larix sibirica
Plants For A FutureHome To: Larix sibirica, HabitatsQuote, Home To: Larix sibirica, Habitats
Mountains and lowland taiga at elevations of 500 - 3500 metres in Xinjiang province of China
Inonotus obliquus, Wikipedia
Home To: Chaga, Article text: "Inonotus obliquus is found most commonly in the"Quote, Home To: Chaga, Article text: "Inonotus obliquus is found most commonly in the"
Inonotus obliquus is found most commonly in the Circumboreal Region of the Northern Hemisphere, where it is distributed in birch forests.
Wikipedia: Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus
Home To: Big Shaggy-moss, Article text: "It is often the dominating moss species in moder"Quote, Home To: Big Shaggy-moss, Article text: "It is often the dominating moss species in moder"
It is often the dominating moss species in moderately rich forest habitats in the boreal regions and the Pacific Northwest.
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