The alpine biome occupies the high-elevation zone of mountains worldwide, beginning just below the permanent snow line and running down to the tree line. Despite lying at temperate and even tropical latitudes, its short, cold summers and long freezing winters produce conditions that parallel arctic tundra, and only a few hundred cold-hardy, low-growing plant species survive its thin air, intense sunlight and battering winds.
Facts
Climate
Annual Precipitation (mm)Representative average for alpine tundra generally; local precipitation varies substantially by mountain range and elevation. Typical Low Temperature (C) Typical High Temperature (C) Connections
Demonstrates
Marmots and other alpine mammals hibernate through the long, harsh winter above the tree line.
Source Alpine Biome (Blue Planet Biomes)
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Source New Zealand rock wren (Wikipedia)
Source Olympic marmot (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Cryptogramma crispa
Source Plantago maritima (Wikipedia)
Source Pulsatilla vernalis (Wikipedia)
Source Siberian ibex (Wikipedia)
Source NatureServe Explorer: Argyroxiphium sandwicense
Source Snow Leopard (Wikipedia)
Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Nasua nasua (Animal Diversity Web)
Source Selaginella - Wikipedia
Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Mydaus javanensis
Source Thorold's deer (Wikipedia)
Source Tibetan antelope (Wikipedia)
Source NatureServe Explorer: Euphydryas chalcedona
Source Vicuña (Wikipedia)
Source Volcano rabbit (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Western Toad
Source NatureServe Explorer: Pinus albicaulis
Source White-tailed jackrabbit (Wikipedia)
Source Wild Yak (Wikipedia)
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1. Tundra Biome (Global Bioenergy)
Global BioenergyAlpine Tundra Climate section
Winters are less severe than in the Arctic, with lows rarely dipping below -18 C (0 F).
Alpine Tundra Precipitation section
Alpine tundra tends to receive more precipitation than the Arctic tundra, averaging 12 inches (30 cm) yearly.
2. Alpine Biome (Blue Planet Biomes)
Blue Planet BiomesIntroduction
In the summer average temperatures range from 10 to 15° C .
In Category: Biomes, blueplanetbiomes.org/alpine.php, opening lines
Cold, snowy, windy. When you hear those words they make you think of mountains.
Demonstrates: Hibernation, blueplanetbiomes.org/alpine.php, animal adaptations section
Alpine animals adapt to the cold by hibernating, migrating to lower, warmer areas, or insulating their bodies with layers of fat.
View the Source Guanaco (Wikipedia)
Vicuña (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHome To: Vicuña, Distribution sectionQuote, Home To: Vicuña, Distribution section
Vicuñas live at altitudes of 3,200 to 4,800 m (10,500-15,700 ft)
View the Source Wikipedia: Cryptogramma crispa
Wikipedia- Home To: Parsley Fern, Wikipedia intro states: "Cryptogramma crispa, the parsley fern, is an Arctic-alpine species of fern native to Europe and parts of Asia. It produces separate sterile and fertile fronds"
- Home To: Parsley Fern, Wikipedia intro: "Cryptogramma crispa, the parsley fern, is an Arctic-alpine species of fern native to Europe and parts of Asia. It produces separate sterile and fertile fronds"
View the Source Chamois (Wikipedia)
- Home To: Chamois, Wikipedia intro states: "The chamois (; French: [?amwa] ; Rupicapra rupicapra), or Alpine chamois, is a species of goat-antelope native to mountainous parts of Europe and Western Asia, from"
- Home To: Chamois, Wikipedia intro: "The chamois (; French: [?amwa] ; Rupicapra rupicapra), or Alpine chamois, is a species of goat-antelope native to mountainous parts of Europe and Western Asia,..."
View the SourceSnow Leopard (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: Snow Leopard, Wikipedia intro: "the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau to southern Siberia, Mongolia and western China. It inhabits alpine and subalpine zones at elevations of 3,000-4,500 m (9,..."View the Source Selaginella - Wikipedia
Home To: Spikemoss, Wikipedia intro: "rs mostly in the tropical regions of the world, with a handful of species to be found in the arctic-alpine zones of both hemispheres. Fossils assignable to the..."View the Source Kea (Nestor notabilis) (Wikipedia)
Home To: Kea (Nestor notabilis), Wikipedia intro: "tabilis) is a species of large parrot in the family Strigopidae that is endemic to the forested and alpine regions of the South Island of New Zealand. About 48..."View the Source Cerastium tomentosum (Wikipedia)
Home To: Cerastium tomentosum, Wikipedia intro: "pecies of its genus by "tomentose" or felty foliage. It is a low, spreading perennial native to the alpine regions of central and southern Italy. The stems and..."View the Source New Zealand rock wren (Wikipedia)
Home To: New Zealand rock wren, Wikipedia intro: "tinguish it from the unrelated rock wren of North America. The rock wren is currently restricted to alpine and subalpine areas of the South Island. It is a poor..."View the Source Chinchilla (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: Chinchilla, Wikipedia 'Chinchilla': live in colonies at high elevations up to 4,270 m in the AndesView the Source Markhor (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: Markhor, Wikipedia 'Markhor': native to mountain regions including the Karakoram and HimalayasView the Source Andean Condor (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: Andean Condor, Wikipedia 'Andean condor': found in the Andes mountains and adjacent Pacific coastsView the Source Pinus longaeva (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: Great Basin Bristlecone Pine, Wikipedia 'Pinus longaeva': found in the higher mountains of California, Nevada, and UtahView the Source Mountain weasel (Wikipedia)
Home To: Mountain weasel, LeadQuote, Home To: Mountain weasel, Lead
The mountain weasel (Mustela altaica), also known as the pale weasel, Altai weasel or solongoi, primarily lives in high-altitude environments, as well as rocky tundra and grassy woodlands.
View the Source Black-backed jackal (Wikipedia)
Home To: Black-backed jackal, Habitat, alpine areasQuote, Home To: Black-backed jackal, Habitat, alpine areas
It also occurs in farmlands, savannas, open savanna mosaics, and alpine areas.
View the Source Ethiopian wolf (Wikipedia)
Home To: Ethiopian wolf, Lead, mountain rangesQuote, Home To: Ethiopian wolf, Lead, mountain ranges
current range is limited to seven isolated mountain ranges
View the Source Diselma (Wikipedia)
Home To: Diselma, LeadQuote, Home To: Diselma, Lead
It is endemic to the alpine regions of Tasmania's southwest and Central Highlands
View the Source Pulsatilla vernalis (Wikipedia)
Home To: Pulsatilla vernalis, Lead, mountain habitatQuote, Home To: Pulsatilla vernalis, Lead, mountain habitat
native to mountainous habitats in Europe
View the Source Kashmir gray langur (Wikipedia)
Home To: Kashmir gray langur, Ecology and behaviourQuote, Home To: Kashmir gray langur, Ecology and behaviour
lives in temperate and alpine forests
View the Source Goa (antelope) (Wikipedia)
Home To: Goa (Antelope), Distribution and habitatQuote, Home To: Goa (Antelope), Distribution and habitat
Alpine meadow and high elevation steppe are the primary habitats of the goa.
View the Source Takin (Wikipedia)
Home To: Takin, Distribution and habitatQuote, Home To: Takin, Distribution and habitat
Takin are found from forested valleys to rocky, grass-covered alpine zones, at altitudes between 1,000 and 4,500 m (3,300 and 14,800 ft) above sea level.
View the Source Siberian ibex (Wikipedia)
Home To: Siberian Ibex, Habitat and distributionQuote, Home To: Siberian Ibex, Habitat and distribution
Their habitat consists of a mixture of high altitude steppe, alpine meadows, and regions of semidesert.
View the Source Japanese serow (Wikipedia)
Home To: Japanese Serow, Distribution, ecology, and behaviourQuote, Home To: Japanese Serow, Distribution, ecology, and behaviour
It prefers temperate deciduous forest, but also lives in broad-leaved or subalpine coniferous forest made up of Japanese beech, Japanese oak, alpine meadow, and coniferous plantations.
View the Source Dall sheep (Wikipedia)
Home To: Dall Sheep, LeadQuote, Home To: Dall Sheep, Lead
O. dalli live in mountainous alpine habitats distributed across northwestern British Columbia, the Yukon, Northwest Territories and Alaska.
View the Source Tibetan antelope (Wikipedia)
Home To: Tibetan Antelope, Distribution and habitatQuote, Home To: Tibetan Antelope, Distribution and habitat
Endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, the Tibetan antelope inhabits open alpine and cold steppe environments between 3,250 and 5,500 m (10,660 and 18,040 ft) elevation.
View the Source Bharal (Wikipedia)
Home To: Bharal, LeadQuote, Home To: Bharal, Lead
It inhabits the Himalayan alpine meadows and rocky slopes across Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan, typically at altitudes of 2,200-5,500 m (7,200-18,000 ft).
View the Source Mountain hare (Wikipedia)
Home To: Mountain hare, LeadQuote, Home To: Mountain hare, Lead
largely adapted to polar and mountainous habitats in the Palearctic realm
View the Source White-tailed jackrabbit (Wikipedia)
Home To: White-tailed jackrabbit, Distribution and habitatQuote, Home To: White-tailed jackrabbit, Distribution and habitat
It is found in plains and prairie and in alpine meadows with scattered coniferous trees
View the Source Volcano rabbit (Wikipedia)
Home To: Volcano rabbit, Distribution and habitatQuote, Home To: Volcano rabbit, Distribution and habitat
in alpine scrublands surrounding four volcanoes
View the Source Thorold's deer (Wikipedia)
Home To: Thorold's deer, Lead, habitatQuote, Home To: Thorold's deer, Lead, habitat
found in the grassland, shrubland, and forest habitats, at high altitudes
View the Source Broad-toothed mouse (Wikipedia)
Home To: Broad-toothed mouse, Distribution and habitat, alpineQuote, Home To: Broad-toothed mouse, Distribution and habitat, alpine
where precipitation does not fall below 1400 mm per year in alpine areas
View the Source Long-tailed mouse (Wikipedia)
Home To: Long-tailed mouse, EcologyQuote, Home To: Long-tailed mouse, Ecology
found primarily in rainforest, wet scrub, eucalyptus scrub, sedgeland, and low alpine vegetation
View the Source Highland brush mouse (Wikipedia)
Home To: Highland brush mouse, Lead, habitatQuote, Home To: Highland brush mouse, Lead, habitat
found in montane moss forests and in alpine zones over 2,000 m
View the Source Mount Elgon vlei rat (Wikipedia)
Home To: Mount Elgon vlei rat, Distribution and habitatQuote, Home To: Mount Elgon vlei rat, Distribution and habitat
it inhabits alpine meadows
View the Source Marmota caligata (Animal Diversity Web)
Home To: Hoary marmot, HabitatQuote, Home To: Hoary marmot, Habitat
Hoary marmots occupy areas with rocky talus slopes and alpine tundra vegetation
View the Source Tamias alpinus (Animal Diversity Web)
Home To: Alpine chipmunk, HabitatQuote, Home To: Alpine chipmunk, Habitat
is found mostly in the talus slopes and sub-alpine forests at elevations from 2,300
View the Source Animal Diversity Web: Spermophilus parryii
Animal Diversity WebHome To: Arctic ground squirrel, HabitatQuote, Home To: Arctic ground squirrel, Habitat
Arctic ground squirrels inhabit arctic and tundra habitats at northern latitudes and higher elevations, and boreal forest and alpine meadows at lower latitudes and elevations
View the Source Animal Diversity Web: Spermophilus columbianus
Animal Diversity WebHome To: Columbian ground squirrel, HabitatQuote, Home To: Columbian ground squirrel, Habitat
Columbian ground squirrels are found in alpine and sub-alpine meadows.
View the Source Asia Minor ground squirrel (Wikipedia)
Home To: Asia Minor ground squirrel, Distribution, habitat, and diet, alpine meadowsQuote, Home To: Asia Minor ground squirrel, Distribution, habitat, and diet, alpine meadows
They inhabit steppe country and alpine meadows, between 800 and 2,900 metres (2,600 and 9,500 ft) elevation.
View the Source Alaska marmot (Wikipedia)
Home To: Alaska marmot, Distribution and habitat, HabitatQuote, Home To: Alaska marmot, Distribution and habitat, Habitat
Talus slopes in Alpine tundra with herbaceous forage
View the Source Black-capped marmot (Wikipedia)
Home To: Black-capped marmot, Lead, alpine habitatQuote, Home To: Black-capped marmot, Lead, alpine habitat
The black-capped marmot lives in arctic tundra and alpine habitats from near sea-level to an altitude of 2,000 m (6,600 ft).
View the Source Alashan ground squirrel (Wikipedia)
Home To: Alashan ground squirrel, Habitat paragraphQuote, Home To: Alashan ground squirrel, Habitat paragraph
It lives on the steppe and in foothills and alpine meadows.
View the Source Belding's ground squirrel (Wikipedia)
Home To: Belding's ground squirrel, Ecology, Range and habitatQuote, Home To: Belding's ground squirrel, Ecology, Range and habitat
These animals are most abundant at higher altitudes, occurring in alpine and subalpine meadows.
View the Source Himalayan marmot (Wikipedia)
Home To: Himalayan marmot, Distribution and habitatQuote, Home To: Himalayan marmot, Distribution and habitat
The Himalayan marmot lives in short grass steppes or alpine habitats, typically above the tree line but below the permanent snow limit.
View the Source Long-tailed marmot (Wikipedia)
Home To: Long-tailed marmot, Distribution and habitatQuote, Home To: Long-tailed marmot, Distribution and habitat
including alpine meadows, foothill to highland steppes, semi-deserts, scrublands and open woodland
View the Source Olympic marmot (Wikipedia)
Home To: Olympic marmot, Distribution and habitatQuote, Home To: Olympic marmot, Distribution and habitat
Within the park, Olympic marmots inhabit lush sub-alpine and alpine meadows, fields, and montane scree slopes.
View the Source Bighorn Sheep (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: Bighorn Sheep, EcologyQuote, Home To: Bighorn Sheep, Ecology
Bighorn sheep inhabit alpine meadows, grassy mountain slopes, and foothill country near rugged, rocky cliffs and bluffs.
View the Source Common Wombat (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: Common Wombat, Distribution and habitatQuote, Home To: Common Wombat, Distribution and habitat
They may be found in a variety of habitats including rainforest, eucalyptus forest, woodland, alpine grassland, and coastal areas.
View the Source Dhole (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHome To: Dhole, Distribution and habitatQuote, Home To: Dhole, Distribution and habitat
In India, Myanmar, Indochina, Indonesia and China, it prefers forested areas in alpine zones and is occasionally sighted in plains regions.
View the Source Alpine marmot, Wikipedia
Home To: Alpine Marmot, Range and ecologyQuote, Home To: Alpine Marmot, Range and ecology
Alpine marmots prefer alpine meadows and high-altitude pastures, where colonies live in deep burrow systems situated in alluvial soil or rocky areas.
View the Source Wikipedia: Mayfly
Home To: Mayfly, ConservationQuote, Home To: Mayfly, Conservation
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list of threatened species includes one mayfly: Tasmanophlebia lacuscoerulei, the large blue lake mayfly, which is a native of Australia and is listed as endangered because its alpine habitat is vulnerable to climate change.
View the Source Tabanidae
Home To: Horse Fly, Distribution and habitatQuote, Home To: Horse Fly, Distribution and habitat
They mostly occur in warm areas with suitable moist locations for breeding, but also occupy a wide range of habitats from deserts to alpine meadows.
View the Source Wikipedia: Western Toad
WikipediaHome To: Western Toad, HabitatQuote, Home To: Western Toad, Habitat
Suitable habitat includes blue oak (Quercus douglasii) savanna, gray pine-oak forest (Pinus sabiniana-Quercus spp.), mixed conifer forest, and alpine meadows.
View the Source Juniperus communis (Wikipedia)
Home To: Juniperus communis, SubspeciesQuote, Home To: Juniperus communis, Subspecies
a prostrate ground-hugging shrub; leaves short, 3-8 mm; cones often larger, 7-12 mm, usually longer than the leaves; found in subarctic areas and high altitude alpine zones in temperate areas subsp. alpina var. alpina, Greenland, Europe and Asia subsp. alpina var. megistocarpa Fernald & H.St.John, Eastern Canada (doubtfully distinct from var. alpina) subsp. alpina var. jackii
View the Source Plantago maritima (Wikipedia)
Home To: Plantago maritima, Ecology and physiologyQuote, Home To: Plantago maritima, Ecology and physiology
In some areas, it also occurs in alpine habitats, along mountain streams.
View the Source Wild Yak (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHome To: Wild Yak, Distribution and habitatQuote, Home To: Wild Yak, Distribution and habitat
It's most common in alpine tundra with a relatively thick carpet of grasses and sedges rather than the more barren steppe country.
View the Source NatureServe Explorer: Pinus albicaulis
NatureServe ExplorerHome To: Whitebark Pine, Species characteristics: AlpineQuote, Home To: Whitebark Pine, Species characteristics: Alpine
"terrestrialHabitatDescEn": "Alpine"
View the Source NatureServe Explorer: Argyroxiphium sandwicense
NatureServe ExplorerHome To: Hawaii Silversword, Species characteristics: Alpine
"terrestrialHabitatDescEn": "Alpine"
Home To: Silversword, Species characteristics: Alpine
"terrestrialHabitatDescEn": "Alpine"
View the Source NatureServe Explorer: Euphydryas chalcedona
NatureServe ExplorerHome To: Variable Checkerspot, Species characteristics: AlpineQuote, Home To: Variable Checkerspot, Species characteristics: Alpine
"terrestrialHabitatDescEn": "Alpine"
View the Source Wētā - Wikipedia
Home To: Weta, Habitat: AlpineQuote, Home To: Weta, Habitat: Alpine
wētā are found in a variety of environments, including alpine, forests, grasslands, caves, shrub lands and urban gardens.
View the Source Plants For A Future: Lepidium meyenii
Plants For A FutureHome To: Maca, HabitatsQuote, Home To: Maca, Habitats
Barren steppes, tundra and alpine plains, usually in limestone and clay soils, 3800 - 4800 metres
View the Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Indri indri (Animal Diversity Web)
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Indri, Terrestrial BiomesQuote, Home To: Indri, Terrestrial Biomes
Terrestrial Biomes forest forest mountains mountains
View the Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Nasua nasua (Animal Diversity Web)
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: South American Coati, Terrestrial BiomesQuote, Home To: South American Coati, Terrestrial Biomes
Terrestrial Biomes forest forest rainforest rainforest scrub forest scrub forest mountains mountains
View the Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Ceratitis capitata
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Terrestrial BiomesQuote, Home To: Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Terrestrial Biomes
Terrestrial Biomes savanna or grassland savanna or grassland forest forest rainforest rainforest scrub forest scrub forest mountains mountains
View the Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Animal Diversity Web: Mydaus javanensis
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Sunda Stink Badger, Terrestrial BiomesQuote, Home To: Sunda Stink Badger, Terrestrial Biomes
Terrestrial Biomes forest forest mountains mountains
View the Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Martes foina (Animal Diversity Web)
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Beech marten, Terrestrial BiomesQuote, Home To: Beech marten, Terrestrial Biomes
Terrestrial Biomes scrub forest scrub forest mountains mountains
View the Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Ficedula hypoleuca (Animal Diversity Web)
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: European pied flycatcher, Terrestrial BiomesQuote, Home To: European pied flycatcher, Terrestrial Biomes
Terrestrial Biomes forest forest mountains mountains
View the Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Regulus regulus (Animal Diversity Web)
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHome To: Goldcrest, Terrestrial BiomesQuote, Home To: Goldcrest, Terrestrial Biomes
Terrestrial Biomes forest forest scrub forest scrub forest mountains mountains
View the Source NatureServe Explorer: Cervus canadensis
NatureServe ExplorerHome To: Eastern elk, Habitat commentsQuote, Home To: Eastern elk, Habitat comments
Uses open areas such as alpine pastures, marshy meadows, river flats, and aspen parkland, as well as coniferous forests
View the Source The Gymnosperm Database: Picea engelmannii
The Gymnosperm DatabaseHome To: Engelmann Spruce, Distribution and EcologyQuote, Home To: Engelmann Spruce, Distribution and Ecology
Canada: Alberta, British Columbia; USA: Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Oregon, California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico; as krummholz at the alpine timberline (Taylor 1993).
View the Source Ophiocordyceps sinensis, Wikipedia
Home To: Caterpillar Fungus, Article text: "sinensis generally live 15 cm (5.9 in) undergrou"Quote, Home To: Caterpillar Fungus, Article text: "sinensis generally live 15 cm (5.9 in) undergrou"
sinensis generally live 15 cm (5.9 in) underground in alpine grass and shrub-lands on the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas at an altitude between 3,000 and 5,000 m (9,800 and 16,400 ft).
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