The Caspian Sea is the largest inland body of water on Earth, an endorheic, brackish basin covering about 371,000 square kilometers between the Caucasus Mountains, the Central Asian steppe, southern Russia and the Iranian plateau, bordered by Kazakhstan, Russia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkmenistan. Its southern basin plunges past 1,000 meters, the third deepest depression on Earth outside the open ocean, while its salinity of roughly 1.2 percent is about a third that of seawater. The sea supports endemic sturgeon populations prized for caviar and the Caspian seal, the only marine mammal found nowhere else. Decades of oil extraction around its shores have made pollution a persistent threat to its ecology.
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Biogeographic Realm Area (sq km) Caspian Sea
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Source Wikidata: European Perch
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1. WWF Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World
World Wildlife Fundbordered by Caucasus, Central Asian steppe and Iranian plateau, wholly PalearcticView the Source 2. Caspian Sea (Wikipedia)
WikipediaLead section, third sentence, surface area figure
It covers a surface area of 371,000 km2 (143,244 sq mi) (excluding the highly saline lagoon of Garabogazköl to its east), an area similar to Japan, with a volume of 78,200 km3 (19,000 cu mi).
Hosts: Common Roach, Article text
Most non-endemic natives are either shared with the Black Sea basin or widespread Palearctic species such as crucian carp, Prussian carp, common carp, common bream, common bleak, asp, white bream, sunbleak, common dace, common roach, common rudd, European chub, sichel, tench, European weatherfish, wels catfish, northern pike, burbot, European perch and zander.
Hosts: European Perch, Article text
Most non-endemic natives are either shared with the Black Sea basin or widespread Palearctic species such as crucian carp, Prussian carp, common carp, common bream, common bleak, asp, white bream, sunbleak, common dace, common roach, common rudd, European chub, sichel, tench, European weatherfish, wels catfish, northern pike, burbot, European perch and zander.
View the Source World Wildlife Fund
Encyclopaedia Britannica
Wikipedia: Mute Swan
WikipediaHosts: Mute Swan, MigrationQuote, Hosts: Mute Swan, Migration
Many birds in West and Central Asia move south in winter to the shores of the Caspian Sea, as far as Iran and Afghanistan, more birds will move south during harsher winters.
View the Source Common Pheasant (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationHosts: Common Pheasant, DistributionQuote, Hosts: Common Pheasant, Distribution
Common pheasants are native to Asia and parts of Europe, their original range extending from the eastern Black Sea and the Caspian Sea to Manchuria, Siberia, Korea, Mainland China, and Taiwan.
View the Source Eurasian eagle-owl, Wikipedia
Hosts: Eurasian Eagle-Owl, SubspeciesQuote, Hosts: Eurasian Eagle-Owl, Subspecies
It is distributed from Kazakhstan between the Volga and upper Ural Rivers, the Caspian Sea coast and the former Aral Sea, but replaced in that country by B. b. omissus in the mountainous south and in the coastal region of the Mangyshlak Peninsula by B. b. gladkovi.
View the Source Common Carp (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHosts: Common Carp, HistoryQuote, Hosts: Common Carp, History
The common carp's native range also extends to the Black Sea, Caspian Sea, and Aral Sea.
View the Source Wikipedia: Ctenophora
Hosts: Comb Jelly, Ecological impactsQuote, Hosts: Comb Jelly, Ecological impacts
In the late 1990s Mnemiopsis appeared in the Caspian Sea.
View the Source Amphipoda (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHosts: Amphipod, EcologyQuote, Hosts: Amphipod, Ecology
Notably rich endemic amphipod faunas are found in the ancient Lake Baikal and waters of the Caspian Sea basin, with over 350 species inhabiting Lake Baikal.
View the Source Zebra mussel (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Zebra Mussel, EuropeQuote, Hosts: Zebra Mussel, Europe
The native distribution of the species is in the Black Sea and Caspian Sea in Eurasia.
View the Source Nelumbo nucifera (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Sacred Lotus, Description
It has a very wide native distribution, ranging from East Asia (north to the Amur region) through northern Indochina and central and northern India (at altitudes up to 1,400 m (4,600 ft) in the southern Himalayas),; the Russian populations have sometimes been referred to as Nelumbo komarovii, with isolated locations at the Caspian Sea.
Hosts: Nelumbo nucifera, Description
It has a very wide native distribution, ranging from East Asia (north to the Amur region) through northern Indochina and central and northern India (at altitudes up to 1,400 m (4,600 ft) in the southern Himalayas),; the Russian populations have sometimes been referred to as Nelumbo komarovii, with isolated locations at the Caspian Sea.
View the SourceWikipedia: African wildcat
Hosts: African Wildcat, Distribution and habitatQuote, Hosts: African Wildcat, Distribution and habitat
Its range extends northeast into Central Asia, where it occurs along the eastern shores of the Caspian Sea, and through Kazakhstan to as far east as Xinjiang.
View the Source Wikipedia: Jungle cat
Hosts: Jungle Cat, ThreatsQuote, Hosts: Jungle Cat, Threats
Since the 1960s, populations of the Caucasian jungle cat living along the Caspian Sea and in the Caucasus range states have been rapidly declining.
View the Source Tundra swan (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Tundra swan, C. c. bewickii distributionQuote, Hosts: Tundra swan, C. c. bewickii distribution
A few birds from the central Siberian range also winter in Iran at the south of the Caspian Sea; in former times these flocks also migrated to the Aral Sea before the late 20th century ecological catastrophe turned most of the habitat there into inhospitable wasteland.
View the Source White-tailed eagle (Wikipedia)
Hosts: White-tailed eagle, Breeding rangeQuote, Hosts: White-tailed eagle, Breeding range
In the Middle East, the white-tailed eagle may still be found breeding only along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea in northern Iran and southwestern Turkmenistan.
View the Source Common gull (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Common gull, LeadQuote, Hosts: Common gull, Lead
Most common gulls migrate further south in winter, reaching the Mediterranean Sea, the southern Caspian Sea, and the seas around China and Japan; northwest European populations are at least partly resident.
View the Source Oriental cockroach (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Oriental Cockroach, LeadQuote, Hosts: Oriental Cockroach, Lead
Originally endemic to the Crimean Peninsula and the region around the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, its distribution is now cosmopolitan.
View the Source Caspian seal (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Caspian Seal, LeadQuote, Hosts: Caspian Seal, Lead
Phoca caspica) is one of the smallest members of the earless seal family and unique in that it is found exclusively in the brackish Caspian Sea.
View the Source Sweet chestnut (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Sweet chestnut, Distribution and habitatQuote, Hosts: Sweet chestnut, Distribution and habitat
It is found across the Mediterranean region, from the Caspian Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.
View the Source Common crane (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Common crane, DistributionQuote, Hosts: Common crane, Distribution
Important staging areas occur anywhere from Sweden, the Netherlands and Germany to China (with a large one around the Caspian Sea) and many thousand cranes can be seen in one day in the Autumn.
View the Source European golden plover (Wikipedia)
Hosts: European golden plover, Distribution and habitatQuote, Hosts: European golden plover, Distribution and habitat
In winter, it migrates southwest to milder regions of Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest Asia, from Ireland east to Denmark, and south to the Mediterranean region as far as Algeria, northern Egypt, and the Caspian Sea coast of Iran.
View the Source Greater scaup (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Greater scaup, Distribution and habitatQuote, Hosts: Greater scaup, Distribution and habitat
They winter along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America, the coasts of northwest Europe, the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea, the coast of Japan, Yellow Sea and East China Sea.
View the Source Terek sandpiper (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Terek sandpiper, TaxonomyQuote, Hosts: Terek sandpiper, Taxonomy
He reported that he had seen pairs breeding at the mouth of the Terek River where it flows into the Caspian Sea.
View the Source Sandwich tern (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Sandwich Tern, LeadQuote, Hosts: Sandwich Tern, Lead
It breeds in the Palearctic from Europe to the Caspian Sea, and winters in the Mediterranean and on the coasts of Africa, India, and Sri Lanka.
View the Source Hyssopus officinalis (Wikipedia)
Hosts: Hyssopus officinalis, LeadQuote, Hosts: Hyssopus officinalis, Lead
Hyssopus officinalis or hyssop is a shrub in the Lamiaceae or mint family native to Southern Europe, the Middle East, and the region surrounding the Caspian Sea.
View the Source Wikipedia: Marsh Frog
WikipediaHosts: Marsh Frog, Distribution and habitatQuote, Hosts: Marsh Frog, Distribution and habitat
Unusually for an amphibian, the marsh frog is tolerant of saltwater, having been reported inhabiting and even breeding in brackish pools along the shores of the Caspian Sea and Black Sea.
View the Source Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: Artemia salina (Animal Diversity Web)
Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of ZoologyHosts: Artemia Salina, Geographic RangeQuote, Hosts: Artemia Salina, Geographic Range
The brine shrimp is found in inland salt water bodies such as the Great Salt Lake in northern Utah, on the rocky coast south of San Francisco, and in the Caspian Sea.
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