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Biomes

Coral Reef

Marine and Coastal Biomes

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A coral reef is a shallow, sunlit marine biome built up over centuries by colonies of coral polyps, tiny animals that secrete calcium carbonate skeletons and live in a close mutual partnership with photosynthetic algae housed in their own tissue. Reefs form mainly in warm, clear, nutrient-poor tropical and subtropical waters, most extensively in the Indo-Pacific, and their structural complexity supports an estimated quarter of all known marine species despite covering well under one percent of the ocean floor. Reefs are highly sensitive to warming water, acidification, sedimentation and pollution, and large-scale coral bleaching events have become a defining threat to the biome worldwide.

Facts
Climate
Typical Low Temperature (C)
18 1
Reef-building corals cannot tolerate water below about 18C; this is the source's own stated survival floor, not a seasonal low.
Typical High Temperature (C)
29 1
29C is the top of the 23-29C range most reef corals grow optimally in; some corals tolerate brief spikes to 40C but that is bleaching-inducing stress, not typical. Annual precipitation is left unfilled: a reef is fully submerged and the source itself states there is no direct precipitation on the reef, only on the water and coastline around it.
Cross-Tradition Connections

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Sources
1. In What Types of Water Do Corals Live? (NOAA Ocean Service)
NOAA Ocean ServiceNOAA Ocean Service, In What Types of Water Do Corals Live?, temperature section
Quote, NOAA Ocean Service, In What Types of Water Do Corals Live?, temperature section
Reef-building corals cannot tolerate water temperatures below 64 Fahrenheit (18 Celsius). Many grow optimally in water temperatures between 73 and 84 Fahrenheit (23-29 Celsius).
View the Source
Encyclopaedia Britannica
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